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8X4H']+. These opportunities include enhancing standards of construction and maintenance; avoiding early obsolescence and ensuring the right to repair; increasing upcycling and recycling of building materials and components; creating simpler, locally sourced buildings; enhancing informal economy processes; developing waste micro-grids; and supporting local organic waste recycling and soil fertility. 28 0 obj To ensure the participation of a wide range of stakeholders and to establish reasonable coverage, qualitative information was derived from a GCB event 'circular economy thinking -challenges and opportunities for the construction sector', with 97 attendees (GCB, 2016). ), Built Environment and Architecture as a Resource. McKinsey and Company, New York, NY, USA. 2020 ). Nordisk Arkitekturforskning -The Nordic Association of Architectural Research. This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. The findings show that at an individual level, the majority of the survey respondents were aware of the circular economy concept. Utilising the results from a survey and a follow up workshop, this paper provides an analysis of an industry-wide perspective of circular economy awareness, challenges and enablers. Journal of Cleaner Production 115: 36-51. International CARE Electronics Office, Vienna, Austria. Although, the, ABSTRACT As one of the biggest consumers of natural resources, the building industry is a central target for EU and national Circular Economy (CE) policies. endobj RIS. According to the Building Material Promotion Council, India generates an estimated 150 million tons of C and D waste every year. Ecorys (2012) Mapping Resource Prices: The Past and the Future. HWr}WH`fp}ZkmR[+Q%V " %+|q\e@OO_N~G\W>](yfmO75{z%al2x4c<>UR)%N o2_SKtv Jj|LE4MvsjptW6]v{H0'HAeMr5aj _N>14}2\[ This was broadly similar to those discussed in the breakout sessions, with financial, structural and knowledge all considered to be important issues. Design considerations including the lack of consideration for end-of-life issues at a building level (3-19) and the complexity of buildings (3-23) were also thought to be significant challenges. Countries such as China and Germany have used the term within their legislation, although the emphasis can vary (Benton, 2015). x+ | This may be because these stakeholders are likely to be familiar with. Kibert CJ (2003) Deconstruction: the start of a sustainable materials strategy for the built environment. See http://www. Hawken P, Lovins A and Lovins L (1999) Natural Capitalism. It sets out the characteristics of the sector and explores how these could be enhanced through circular economy approaches. Therefore, this paper investigates the reasons for the difficulty of implementing CE in supply chains. Ecorys, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Interestingly, most of the respondents viewed their sector as the most aware, except for clients, which could be due to a certain amount of bias. tabulated responses thought it important that the market volatility for secondary materials was addressed and the dependence of certain secondary materials on the marketplace. The objective of this master thesis is to develop knowledge to explain the possible effects of demonstration projects in circular building and their contribution to the building sectors transition to a circular economy. To support the construction sector in its transition to a circular economy, many design instruments and decision support tools have been and are still being developed. Green public procurement requirements were also seen as an important enabler (3-10), especially by designers (3-57), and researchers and consultants (3-17). Based on this objective, this study asks a question regarding the ways in which demonstration projects in circular building such as the Circle House contribute to increasing circularity within the building sector. The Underlying Conceptualization of Circular Economy in the European Union Monitoring Framework, Germany is Ahead to Implement Sustainable Circular Economy, Mining the physical infrastructure: Opportunities, barriers and interventions in promoting structural components reuse, Barriers and Motivations for Construction Waste Reduction Practices in Costa Rica, Ineffectiveness of construction waste management strategies: Knowledge gap analysis, Construction planning with machine learning, Blockchain in building logistics: emerging knowledge, and related actors in Sweden, Teaching Circular Economy: Overcoming the Challenge of Green-washing. xS**T0T0 Bi ye( Circular economy in construction: current awareness, challenges and enablers - topic of research paper in Economics and business. xS**T0T0 Bi y8# 32 0 obj There is limited research and wide-scale practical applications of circular economy in the modern built environment at the product and the component level. 07_& 7w5 y8BC4*hEE!E$n]>g_q3 hy1_3cKhH [& Defra, London, UK. endobj Proceedings Series 2020-21. 2. Benton D and Hazell J (2013) Resource Resilient UK: A Report from the Circular Economy Task Force. xS**T0T0 Bi yA$ However, it was viewed as the least important enabler by manufacturers (2-27). Benton D (2015) Circular Economy Scotland. scite is a Brooklyn-based startup that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citationscitations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. Although there was a general awareness of the circular economy among the survey respondents and event attendees, there are a number of considerable economic, organisational and technical challenges that need to be overcome to enable wide-scale adoption. Nevertheless, there are a few examples emerging on the application of circular economy principles, mainly related to material choice and design considerations (Kiser, 2016; Laubscher and Marinelli, 2014; Thornback and Adams, 2016). endstream These results may be partially explained by the level of relationship between sectors. This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, This is an Open Access Article. Little research on circular economy from a systems perspective including how new business models might enable materials to retain high residual values has been undertaken. NorthPoint Press, New York, NY, USA. endstream Designers were also perceived to have a lack of knowledge on how to adopt circular economy principles, during the breakout sessions. Therefore, a greater understanding of the cost benefit of applying circular economy principles to each party involved is required. <>stream Levels of awareness for circular economy in the construction sector. WRAP, Banbury, UK. There has been a tendency to interpret circular economy as another recycling or sustainability initiative (Chamberlin et al., 2013). 2. 170 15-24. (2018) Construction and demolition waste management in China through the 3R principle: 70: Resources, Conservation and Recycling: Supino et al. This may link to a general lack of understanding of the circular economy, whereby the maintaining value is an important principle. Waste Management 45: 1-3. 5 0 obj Lund RT (1955) 'Making Products Live Longer a Paper for the Environment Directorate of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. 15-24. x Themed issue on circular economy in the built environment. Additionally, construction and demolition, What are the actual barriers and drivers for sustainable building? Limited awareness, interest and knowledge are identified as significant challenges. It is also predicted to bring economic benefits, including increases in gross domestic product, net material savings, employment growth, and reduced risk of material price volatility and supply (EEA, 2016; EMF, 2013a; Morgan and Mitchell, 2015). Circular economy aspects across a building's life cycle stage (developed from the main sources within the literature). This view was also echoed in the breakout sessions, although it was thought unlikely for specific legislation to be developed. Circular economy in construction: current awareness, challenges and enablers Mohamed Osmani Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management Globally, the human population continues to use more material resources as the population grows and income increases . In addition, buildings, particularly ARCH buildings, are long lasting; therefore, measuring and managing their environmental impacts is crucial to achieving the universal vision of a sustainable, low-carbon economy. BIM. An analysis of the content of these articles was made and the knowledge gaps in this area were identified, as well as table with known Circular Economy practices for the Construction Industry was created divided by life cycle stages. The most significant challenges for implementing circular economy industrywide, Financial incentives to use secondary materials, Assurance schemes for reused/secondary materials, Development of enabling technologies to recover materials, Development of higher value secondary markets, Figure 3. The main reasons for these two developments consists of: (1) Lack of incentives for the supply chain actors to make a change towards circularity; (3) Lack of mutual interests between supply chain actors; (2) High uncertainties and risks and (4) Clashes of perceptions on all levels in supply chains. endstream The most significant challenges identified by the survey were a lack of incentive to design for end-of-life issues, followed by the lack of market mechanisms to aid greater recovery and an unclear financial case. x x Green Alliance and WRAP, London, UK. Issue 9 These challenges, combined with the fragmented nature of the construction industry (which was also rated significant), suggest that further incentives are required to enable a transition to a circular economy. The online survey was used to establish the construction industry's level of awareness of the circular economy and their view on the importance of the challenges and enablers for greater adoption. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 15(3): 231-239. Discussion from the breakout sessions questioned the value of these business models, especially for longer lived products. circular economy - a review. <>stream Facilities 25(1/2): 20-31. The End-User Couldn't Care Less. The survey was available for completion over a 2-month period and resulted in 110 valid responses. Is is published by ICE under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Data interpretation is made using the data collected in the literature review and the questionnaire survey. ADAMS, K. et al, 2017. Medium- and large-sized companies believed that the lack of knowledge was a greater challenge than smaller companies, although companies of all sizes believed that an awareness campaign would be an important enabler. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. $$]. =3_&3-?)= k_SkX2(8GH0r#2%". g9xI>%8EhJ. The absence of a broad consensus of what the circular economy looks like in the built environment could be a contributing factor to this. It's critical for businesses today to have sustainability at the forefront of their operations. It is concluded that sustainability is the goal, while the circular economy is a means to achieve a more sustainable economy. Consequently, other incentives were suggested as important within the breakout sessions, such as planning requirements. endobj Therefore, a greater understanding of the cost benefit of applying circular economy principles to each party involved is required. 15-24. Volume 471, endstream The general principles of CE are applied to existing and new buildings, focusing on the "end-of-life" stage and developing sustainable innovative solutions to optimize dismantling and reuse of materials and technological parts of buildings. endobj McDonough Wand Braungart M (2002) Cradle to Cradle. Construction and Demolition (C &D) Waste Management - A Practical Guide to Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Laubscher M and Marinelli T (2014) Integration of circular economy in business. Within this context, circularity in the built environment is attracting attention with applications in many design and urban projects. Durmisevic E and Yeang K (2009) Designing for disassembly (DfD). The aim of this paper is to examine the level of circular economy awareness, challenges and enablers for greater adoption within the UK construction sector. xS**T0T0 Bi yw* At the building level, buildings can be reused many times (Brandt, 1994; Bullen, 2007), although they are often not designed for this. Consultation on Creating a More Circular Economy in Scotland. Morgan J (2014) The Great Resource Price Shock. UKCG (2014) identified a key challenge of an unproven business case underpinned by viable business models such as requiring manufacturers to be responsible for their products once they reach their end of life. AIS, Birmingham, UK. Thorpe T and Thornback J 2017 Circular economy in construction: Current awareness, challenges and enablers Proc. (1990), EMF (2013a, 2013b), Lyle (1994), McDonough and Braungart (2002), EMF (2013a, 2013b), Weizscker et al. Circular Economy (CE) is currently promoted through policy, urban and regional strategies as well as emerging as a relevant research sector. From the tabulated results, a key theme was the importance of optimising the lifespan and the value of refurbishing to extend the life of buildings, resulting in less resource usage through more utilisation. Nasr N (2013) The circular economy is going global. Manufacturing of most building materials require large amounts of material and energy resources. The respondents were largely aware of the circular economy (3-30), thought this diminished within their own organisation (2-71) and further still industrywide (2-16). John Wiley, New York, NY, USA. 19 0 obj The most important is a clear business case (3-61) which was ranked the most significant by all stakeholders and as highly important in the breakout sessions with the need to understand the commercial viability. The survey respondents were asked to rank the significance of various challenges for adopting circular economy industrywide and the potential enablers (for challenges: '1' - insignificant, '4' - major challenge and for enablers: '1' - not important, '4' - very important). study outlines the, A circular economy aims to capture the remaining value in waste through several disruptive actions such as reuse, recycle, recover, and regenerate. To achieve this goal, a systematic literature review was conducted, including 45 articles that were divided into six areas of research: development of Circular Economy, reuse of materials, material stocks, Circular Economy in the built environment, LCA analysis and material passport. 26 0 obj The participating designers (2-09), clients (1-96) and subcontractors (1-63) were generally perceived to have a lower awareness than the rest of the respondents. The lack of client awareness and the problem of the continuity of actors across a building's life cycle have been explored within the context of sustainable buildings (Hkkinen and Belloni, 2011). Paradigm Publications, Taos, NM, USA. Waste Management 32(1): 1-2. 2017 Circular economy in construction: current awareness, challenges and enablers Proc. [15] Adams K. T., Osmani M., Thorpe T. and Thornback J. endstream This paper was based on research conducted within a research project 'Embedding Circular Economy in the Built Environment' funded by the BRE Trust. Business benefits may include higher competitiveness, resource security, flexibility and different business models to enable value creation (Lacy et al., 2014; Nasr, 2013; Stahel, 2016). The survey results indicate that while there is industrywide awareness of the concept, clients, designers and subcontractors are the least informed and this is a key challenge for greater adoption. Mining the physical infrastructure: Opportunities, barriers and interventions in promoting structural components reuse, Salvaging building materials in a circular economy: A BIM-based whole-life performance estimator, Design for Change and Circularity Accommodating Circular Material & Product Flows in Construction, Design waste mapping: a project life cycle approach, Measuring embodied carbon dioxide equivalent of buildings: A review and critique of current industry practice, of scientific paper in Economics and business , author of scholarly article Katherine Tebbatt Adams, Mohamed Osmani, Tony Thorpe, Jane Thornback. Enabling the recovery of materials through viable (logistically and commercially) takeback schemes (3-43), development of higher value markets (3-42) and enabling technologies (3-35) were all ranked as highly significant. 17 0 obj Cossu R and Williams ID (2015) Urban mining: concepts, terminology, challenges. <>stream The lack of market mechanisms to aid recovery was ranked as one of the top challenges (3-26) by all of the stakeholders, which corresponds with the development of financial incentives to use secondary materials as an enabler (3-21).
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