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Since then the Indian government announced a slew of measures to contain the spread of the disease and to manage the resulting impact of the same. Received: 25 January 2021; Accepted: 11 October 2021; Published: 04 November 2021. The study highlights the immediate effects of the pandemic-induced lockdown on the Indian food supply chain by combining news mining techniques with content analysis tools. Chandigarh: The Print. All of this meant staff shortages at a number of food processing plants and food manufacturers. Environ. (Each node represents a country, and the lines represent their collaboration). (2019). volume9, Articlenumber:64 (2022) ^https://indianexpress.com/article/india/heavy-rain-damages-standing-crops-over-4-5-lakh-hectares-6745312/. 178:102738. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102738, Krishnamurthy, R. P. K., Fisher, J. These risks affect different components of the supply chain including Labor (labor required for agricultural operations), Production inputs (seeds, fertilizers and pesticides), Harvesting and processing (harvesting operations and processing of different commodities, including post-harvest storage), Market and prices (farm, wholesale and retail markets, as well as price-related information for different commodities in these markets). Conf. By assessing all the three indices together, areas with excessive rainfall risk were identified. Sustain. 17 Jun, 2020, 09:15 ET. Int. The fifth stage was merging the two documents (n=6, 172=178). To have a deeper understanding, the category of Animal products was further bifurcated into poultry and fisheries. Correspondence to 21, 296314. Coronavirus lockdown: as panicky public hoards, vegetable prices soar in Hyderabad. According to our findings in ECAP-FS, there has been an exponential rise in research publications. Similarly, words related to logistics and production which were strongly associated with cereals, have zero to negative association with poultry. Google Scholar, Nchanji EB, Lutomia CK (2021) Regional impact of COVID-19 on the production and food security of common bean smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: implication for SDGs. According to Bayer, the global food system accounts for 10% of the worlds GDP and employs as many as 1.5 billion people. Netw. Articles are said to be co-cited when they are cited and appear in other publications reference lists (Nyam et al., 2020). Nat Hazards 105(3):27352754, Orimoloye IR, Belle JA, Ololade OO (2021b) Exploring the emerging evolution trends of disaster risk reduction research: a global scenario. These include the shift to e-commerce, food safety concerns, and the desire for supply chain traceability. The page will be updated as more information becomes available. The keyword analysis identified Food Security in 35 (20.1%) and 25 (14.4%) published papers by keyword-plus and author keyword, respectively, while Agricultural was found in 28 (16.1%) and 18 (10.3%) published papers by keyword-plus and author keyword, respectively. Sci. Even before the . The economic and social disruption caused by the pandemic is devastating: tens of millions of people are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, while the number of undernourished people, currently estimated at nearly 690 million, could increase by up to 132 million by the end of the year. This is particularly significant when the worlds dependence on the international trade of fresh food is taken into account. (2020). Figure 2. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01080-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01080-0. For the second objective of the study, sentiment analysis was undertaken to assess the sentiment of news during the pandemic. Meanwhile, those same EU countries import almost 93 million tons, and export another 91 million tons, of agri-food products, which are essentially foods that have been processed for cooking and consumption. COVID-19 (n=27, 15.5%), Food Security (n=25, 14.4%), Agriculture (n=18, 10.3%), Climate Change (n=9, 5.2%), Sustainable Development (n=5, 2.9%), Agricultural Production (n=4, 2.3%), Biodiversity (n=4, 2.3%), China (n=4, 2.3%), COVID-19 Pandemic (n=4, 2.3%) were author keyword phrases related with the detection of ECAP-FS. J. Sci. Drawing from this study's results, the following recommendations can help agrarian countries such as India, in recovering from the current crisis as well as to enable better planning for the future. According to Genkin and Mikheev (2020), the report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Trade Organization, and World Health Organization (WHO) note the threat of a food catastrophe triggered by the current coronavirus pandemic, with a risk of a global food shortage owing to interruptions in the trade industrys supply chain. The distinct author keywords explicitly defined what COVID-19 affected as well as the means or elements engaged in the process (Nutrition, Dietary Diversity, Ecosystem Services, Resilience, Conservation, Food Systems, and Food Supply Chain of People). The presence of coronavirus disease has a negative impact on all the four pillars of food security, viz. To focus on the immediate impact of COVID-19 (and resulting national lockdown in India on 25th March 2020), the entire analysis was conducted from 1st February to 6th April 2020, covering the first 2 weeks following the announcement of the national lockdown. The trend, however, shows marginal improvement post lockdown due to several initiatives taken by the government and community relief efforts to address some of the challenges. The rise in COVID-19 research reflects that it is a major danger to human health, the economy, and food security in industrialised and emerging nations (Carroll et al., 2020; Mottaleb et al., 2020; Alam and Khatun, 2021). The news articles highlighted that this market trend was driven by social media rumors about the spread of COVID-19 through birds which began earlier in 2020. Bus. The rapid spread of COVID-19 and the equally rapid government response to confine the majority . The first stage was the selection of databases (WoS and Scopus). Anal. In addition to the supply chain components described (Figure 2), there were a few articles that focused on the entire food sector, resulting in two additional categoriesFood supply (articles focusing on food distribution and food security in general, including food supply for migrant workers stuck in many cities due to the lockdown) and Food demand (articles on food demand from different consumers). Figure 4 depicts the networks of collaboration on ECAP-FS for 27 countries. Washington, DC: IFPRI: International Food Policy Research Institute [WWW Document]. Sustainability 11(13):3548, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, You can also search for this author in 4) and university collaboration network (Fig. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. van der Velde, M., and Nisini, L. (2019). These sentiments are based on semantics, semantic theory, feelings around the words used (adjectives), and, etymology and phrasing; based on which the text can be classified into different sentiment groups, for examplenegative, neutral and positive (Jacobs, 2019; Saura et al., 2019). The findings indicated an annual growth rate of about 56.64%, indicating that research on ECAP-FS increased over time within the study period. The quantity of a researchers academic output demonstrates their efficacy and propensity for conducting quality research (Orimoloye et al., 2021a). The COVID-19 pandemic affects the global food industry as governments close down restaurants and bars to slow the spread of the virus. 2:e1500779. Furthermore, the findings of this analysis identified the top 20 most prolific authors from 2016 to April 2021. (2020). News articles highlighted many policies and community initiatives undertaken to help the farmers and other supply chain actors, and the different measures which were undertaken by local governments, private sectors and individuals to distribute food to those who were severely impacted. Foods Raw Mater 8: 2, Gong B (2018) Agricultural reforms and production in China: changes in provincial production function and productivity in 19782015 Stochastic frontier analysis. A lexicon-based sentiment analysis on COVID-19 news tweets, in IOP Conf. Sentiment analysis of online news text: a case study of appraisal theory. (2021). Consequently, the government implemented measures including at-home delivery of mid-day meals or food security allowance for the children. This analysis has been used by social science researchers to investigate research questions related to public opinion and perception (Soo et al., 2012), has also been used recently to analyze the public perception of quarantine guidelines as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in educational institutes (Pastor, 2020). Agric. Zampieri, M., Ceglar, A., Dentener, F., and Toreti, A. DUBLIN, June 17, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Food and Beverage E-commerce Global Market Report 2020-30: COVID-19 Implications and Growth" report has been added to . Int. Detecting indicators for startup business success: sentiment analysis using text data mining. doi: 10.1002/aepp.13121, Thomas, T., Wilson, A., Tonkin, E., Miller, E. R., and Ward, P. R. (2020). This is especially true for perishable commodity groups like Animal products, Fisheries and Fruits and vegetables; which were found to be disproportionately affected in the media analysis than others. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240709, Article Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 03620367. Restricted access to markets and labor, along with reduced food demand were some of the key challenges in such places (FAO, 2020a; United Nations, 2020). However, the analysis is aimed at providing immediate and short-term insights into the impacts of the lockdown on the food supply chain. J. Agric. Three different rainfall indicesmonthly precipitation, number of rainy days and maximum 1-day rainfall are shown, along with the frequency of articles mentioning compound risks from COVID-19 pandemic and extreme weather events. The views expressed in this document cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Icon credit-this figure has been designed using visual icons from Flaticon.com. Here's how the food industry is responding to coronavirus. The data indicated that the most mentioned nations were industrialised ones, while China, a developing country, placed second among the most often referenced nations. 2018 Functional Ecology took second place with 60 citations, followed by Smiraglia D. 2016 Environmental Research with 52 citations during the same time period. Table 9 shows the top 20 citations by nation for ECAP-FS research papers. The analysis presented in this paper is based on this frameworkit assesses multiple risks that were faced by the food sector in the given timeframe, how these risks affected different stakeholders and components of the supply chain, and finally, how these impacts were managed through public and private initiatives. This in turn had a huge impact on the food industry supply chain suppliers had to shift alongside consumers to meet demand. Principal, Advisory, Strategy, KPMG US. In many places, consumers directly contacted farmers (through local farmers markets) and established localized food delivery networks, to overcome logistical bottlenecks. Ecol. WoS is a database collection administered by Thomson Reuters Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) that contains databases on humanities, social sciences, biology (i.e., Biosis), science (i.e., Core Collection) and computers (i.e., Inspec). (2003). China Agric Econ Rev Emerald Group Publishing 12(3):409425, Zhang W, Yuan H (2019) A bibliometric analysis of energy performance contracting research from 2008 to 2018. Of that production, more than 30 million tons are traded between member states of the EU, and another 5 million tons are exported outside the EU. Available online at: cnbctv18.com. 13:183. doi: 10.3390/rs13020183, Bai, Y., Jia, S., and Chen, L. (2020). Forests 9:20. doi: 10.3390/f9010020, Buckingham, K., Brandt, J., Anderson, W., Luiz Fernando do, A., and Singh, R. (2020). From its first emergence in China in December 2019, the disease has rapidly spread, infecting more than 157.36 million people globally and fatally affecting 3.27 million people as of 11th May 2021 (World Health Organization, 2021). J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol 60(7):13271336, Mishra D, Luo Z, Jiang S, Papadopoulos T, Dubey R (2017) A bibliographic study on big data: concepts, trends and challenges. The first official COVID-19 case in India was reported on 30th January 2020. B., Schimel, D. S., and Kareiva, P. M. (2020). 1). The positioning of these words also highlights the presence or absence of associations. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. Semi-varying coefficient model Chinas agricultural production and productivity. ADS Econ. NB: The yearly percentage rate of increase was 56.64. A final subset of 335 articles was selected based on which the review was carried out. Suryadi, D. (2021). A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. Abhishek, B. V., Gupta, P., Kaushik, M., Kishore, A., Kumar, R., Sharma, A., et al. Based on prior research, keywords similar and related to the effect of COVID-19 on agricultural output and food security were used with a total of (n=9, 421) published records found on WoS and Scopus, respectively (Table 2). Figure 8. PLoS ONE 13(10):e0205683, Laborde D, Martin W, Vos R (2020a) Poverty and food insecurity could grow dramatically as COVID-19 spreads. Other databases, such as ScienceDirect, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), should be evaluated in future studies. The software first identified keywords from the full text of the selected articles and then calculated the contingency tables (crosstabulations) using the frequencies of these keywords across different categorical variables (in this case, different commodity groups). World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Table 11 summarises the top 20 academics most relevant terms. Land was ranked fifth with five articles while Food Security, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Plos One were ranked sixth with four published articles each. Most of the government relief measures reported in the news articles focused on crops (mainly cereals like wheat and rice). A bibliometric analysis. This research will not only aid in the identification of present research on ECAP-FS, but also contributes to an improved comprehension of the scientific knowledge of coronavirus and its impact on agricultural production, food security, and the investigation of its evolution via published papers included in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. doi: 10.1007/s12597-019-00380-5, Meuwissen, M. P., Bottema, M. J., Hong Ho, L., Chamsai, S., Manjur, K., and de Mey, Y. (2018). COVID-19 and the food system: setback or opportunity for gender equality? During the same time period, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, and Canada were placed third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, with total number of citations (average article citations) of 81 (4.26), 76 (6.33), 47 (23.50), and 40 (13.33), respectively. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 82:26642679, Petetin L (2020) The COVID-19 crisis: an opportunity to integrate food democracy into post-pandemic food systems. The results show wide-scale impacts across different components of the food supply chain ranging from crop harvesting and processing, distribution and logistics to disruptions across food markets, as represented by 22, 11 and 30% of total articles, respectively. Resour. doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00473-6. Mint. Hart et al. 3. Multiple case studies have highlighted the use of social media analysis in climate sciences (Buckingham et al., 2020) and disaster management (Kryvasheyeu et al., 2016; Kibanov et al., 2017; Cecinati et al., 2019). Further, the available literature does not highlight compound shocks faced by the farmers. Staff Reporter. (2021). (2019). Present literature centred on the effect of coronavirus on food security or effect of coronavirus on agricultural production (Elsahoryi et al., 2020; Nchanji and Lutomia, 2021). A formal analysis of food prices for different commodity groups and supply chain components in India (farm gate, wholesale and retail prices) can help in understanding these patterns (Elleby et al., 2020; Hhler and Lansink, 2021). Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. Thirdly, a period of 6 years was used followed by the subject area, which focused on Environmental, Social, Agricultural, and Biological Sciences (Table 1) (Shaffril et al., 2018). This was not just attributed to the significant losses incurred as a result of reduced demand but was also exacerbated by the lack of government relief measures for this group. doi: 10.5923/j.economics.20201004.02, Cecinati, F., Matthews, T., Natarajan, S., McCullen, N., and Coley, D. (2019). Int J Environ Sci Technol 18(3):673690, Park JY, Nagy Z (2018) Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between thermal comfort and building control researcha data-driven literature review. According to Orimoloye et al. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-10-2015-0149, Mottaleb KA, Mainuddin M, Sonobe T (2020) COVID-19 induced economic loss and ensuring food security for vulnerable groups: policy implications from Bangladesh. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375, Van Eck NJ, Waltman L (2017) Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. In terms of country and institution collaboration networks, few of the countries and institutions collaborated with the countries in Africa except for the University of Pretoria, which had a strong collaboration network on ECAP-FS research during the period of study. Sustain. Also shown in the figure is the number of news articles in the state where impacts of COVID-19 and excessive rainfall events on the farming sector were both recorded. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global agricultural markets. The study results highlight the potential of this methodology to enable near real-time monitoring of farm distress. Application note: crop-loss assessment monitora multi-model and multi-stage decision support system. Mining social media to inform peatland fire and haze disaster management. A few articles also mentioned a 64% decline in the wholesale prices of eggs (from INR 4.25 to INR 2.7 per egg) and 25% decline (by INR 57 per liter) in farm price of milk resulting from reduced demand by consumers for similar reasons (DHNS, 2020; Jha, 2020a). Hhler, J., and Lansink, A. O. (2020). Further research is required to understand how multiple shocks interact within the food systems and impact different actors. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Chang. Implementation of a nationwide lockdown, including the closure of international borders and, in some cases, domestic borders was an instant and important measure adopted by most countries to control the spread of the virus. This was observed especially in wheat-producing regions of Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh along with eastern states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa. During the survey period, 174 papers were published on ECAP-FS; their characteristics are shown in Table 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.12.005, Gong B, Zhang S, Liu X, Chen KZ (2021) The Zoonotic diseases, agricultural production, and impact channels: evidence from China. 886897, Xu Z, Elomri A, El Omri A, Kerbache L, Liu H (2021) The compounded effects of COVID-19 pandemic and desert locust outbreak on food security and food supply chain. The Selenium package in Python was used to web scrap the articles from Google News. Cult. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Most of the words regarding government action are on the opposite side or to the right angle of commodities like Fisheries, Poultry and Fruits and Vegetables, indicating that most of the economic relief packages were announced for either cereal crops or to ensure food supply in general. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, Book Excessive rainfall leads to maize yield loss of a comparable magnitude to extreme drought in the United States. While this measure was in the form of a relief package and was thus a reactive policy, similar strategies if proactively implemented can help in strengthening the resilience of the existing food systems toward future shocks. Abiodun A. Ogundeji. Change 62, 275306. Econ. The fourth stage was eligibility where the complete articles were accessible. Clim. World Bank Policy Research. Figure 1. Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on stock prices and profits in the food supply chain. Wheat yield loss attributable to heat waves, drought and water excess at the global, national and subnational scales. Aquaculture 531:735922. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735922. Framework for assessing different risks affecting the food supply chain. For instance, due to a scarcity of migrant experts, producers from Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei in the grain-producing districts in China (south-eastern coastal district) were not able to sow their crops in good time (Pu and Zhong, 2020). The Wageningen University (Netherland), the China Agricultural University (China), the Zhejiang University (Asia), and University of Pretoria (South Africa) had the greatest collaboration network on ECAP-FS studies followed by the University of Western Australia (Australia), University of Leeds (UK), University of Alberta (Canada), University of Sydney (Australia), Case Western Reserve University (USA), Chinese University of Hong Kong (China) and the International Crop Research Institute. IFPRI book chapters, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) pp 8183. (2021b). Prefer. Article frequencies of different themes and commodities. Image:REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch. Gov. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Phrases such as loss of crops, delay in wheat harvesting, severely damaged, excess rainfall in the media articles highlight how climatic stress affected the crop production in 2020, especially in the case of wheat and mustard crops in North India (Supplementary Figure 1). (2020). As the pandemic spreads, the continued functioning of food supply chains is crucial in preventing a food crisis and reducing the negative impact on the global economy. The last round of evaluation yielded a total of (n=174) papers for qualitative analysis (Fig. [1] A conceptual model for integration of indian food supply chains. The initial search resulted in 6,568 news articles, for which the metadata was extracted including the Title, Date, Source, and a brief description of the article. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Secondly, non-English articles were excluded. The number of partnerships was highest in the USA (n=17), followed by China (n=10), Australia (n=8), the United Kingdom (n=8), Canada (n=5), the Netherlands (n=4), Germany (n=4), South Africa (n=4), Uganda (n=3), India (n=3), Malaysia (n=2), Denmark (n=2), France (n=2), Spain (n=2), and New Zealand (n=2). The research assessed data obtained for scientometric investigation utilising RStudio v.4.0.3 software with bibliometrix R-package and net2VOSviewer after reading the articles relevant to the study. doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01065-4, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, ANI. A review of selected media articles, through the framework described above, helped in understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian agriculture. COVID-19 and the Risk to Food Supply Chains: How to respond? PubMed 185:102954. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102954. June 05, 2023 04:03 ET . Available online at: https://foodandscientificreports.com/details/implications-of-covid-19-on-agriculture-in-eastern-region.html, Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., et al. Poult. Sentiment analysis of news items shows a spike in the negative sentiment immediately post the national lockdown, with relatively less negativity in subsequent weeks due to large-scale policy and community action. While much is being discussed about the health and economic impacts, there has been a limited focus on the immediate food sector shocks and their related social implications in developing countries, especially when the farmer surveys cannot be conducted due to mobility restrictions in many countries. A., Nair, R. M., and Ramasamy, S. (2020). Glob. (2020). doi: 10.1002/agr.21678. IANS. Despite the growing body of research on coronavirus, agricultural production, and food security, few studies have attempted to conduct a thorough assessment of the literature and map the present level of scientific knowledge on the effect of coronavirus on agricultural production and food security (ECAP-FS). Sci. Wholesale prices, however, varied across regions and no clear trends were observed, as prices either increased as a result of lower market arrivals (North and Central India) or in a few cases, declined due to a fall in demand by consumers (North India). The macroeconomic factors impacting a business will depend on . This paper presents a portrait of the pandemic's impact on food services and drinking places in 2020 and the expectations of these businesses moving forward. The authors suggest the following four stage approach to combine the two databases shown in Fig. PTI. The COVID-19 pandemic has received significant recognition since the outbreak, and serious effort has been expended by researchers around the world in various fields. COVID-19 has dramatically disrupted the sector, with the shock differing massively between brick-and-mortar versus online shops, essential versus non-essential stores, and small versus large retailers. A global integrative multidisciplinary review. The co-occurrence network visualisation of 30 keywords and their relationship strength of agricultural production and food security research. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Official websites use .gov Technol. This can also be achieved by pursuing blended finance mechanisms and engaging all stakeholders including government, private sector, local community organizations and international agencies to scale up socially inclusive measures for building more robust and efficient supply chains. This result is agreement with the work of Orimoloye et al. Shutting down of markets and international trade restrictions resulted in price volatility in some wholesale and retail markets for Fruits and Vegetables commodity in the country. Perspect. (2020). Agric. The research made use of Net2VOSviewer embedded in R studio to make visualisation maps, such as authors coupling, keyword co-occurrence network, and university collaboration network, based on bibliographic data. Curr. 25, 23252337. 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