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Beta-Carotene | What is Beta Carotene | Dr. Weil's Vitamin Library Problems in older adults have not been documented with intake of normal daily recommended amounts. Potency and quality guaranteed. More than 95% of deaths attributable to vitamin A deficiency occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, where vitamin A deficiency was responsible for 2% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years [23]. The CARET trial also showed that supplementation with a large amount of beta-carotene (30 mg/day) plus 7,500 mcg RAE (25,000 IU)/day retinyl palmitate for 48 years in current and former smokers, as well as some men occupationally exposed to asbestos, increased the risk of lung cancer and death from lung cancer [63]. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. One study of 29,000 male smokers found an 18% increase in lung cancer in the group receiving 20 mg of beta-carotene a day for 5 to 8 years. [, McCauley ME, van den Broek N, Dou L, Othman M. Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes. Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. An analysis of biochemical data from 20032006 NHANES data indicates that less than 1% of the U.S. population has a serum retinol level of less than 20 mcg/dL, which indicates that vitamin A deficiency is uncommon in the U.S. population [20]. Contains the most bioavailable, bioactive form of beta carotene. Updated: Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;8:Cd006751. Clin Nutr 2021;40:2784-90. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;3:Cd008524. The absorption of preformed vitamin A esters from dietary supplements is 7090%, and that of beta-carotene ranges from 8.7% to 65% [15,18]. Vitamin A is the name of a group of fat-soluble retinoids, primarily retinol and retinyl esters [1,2]. Premature infants History of changes to this fact sheet, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements, My Dietary Supplement and Medicine Record, Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM), NIH Consortium for Advancing Research on Botanical and Other Natural Products (CARBON) Program, Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements (CARDS) Database, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), ODS Participation in NIH Funding Initiatives, Administrative Supplements for Research on Dietary Supplements, Administrative Supplements for Validation Studies of Analytical Methods, Frequently Asked Questions About ODS Grants & Co-funding, Resources for Investigators Submitting Natural Products Research Grant Applications, Staff Bios, Publications, and Presentations, Federal Working Group on Dietary Supplements, NIH Dietary Supplement Research Coordinating Committee, consumer fact sheet on Vitamin A and Carotenoids, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc, Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels, Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels and Serving Sizes of Foods That Can Reasonably Be Consumed at One Eating Occasion; Dual-Column Labeling; Updating, Modifying, and Establishing Certain Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed; Serving Size for Breath Mints; and Technical Amendments; Proposed Extension of Compliance Dates, Converting Units of Measure for Folate, Niacin, and Vitamins A, D, and E on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels: Guidance for Industry, Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6-59 Months of Age, LiverTox: Clinical and research information on drug-induced liver injury, Pumpkin pie, commercially prepared, 1 piece, Ice cream, French vanilla, soft serve, cup, Milk, skim, with added vitamin A and vitamin D, 1 cup, Breakfast cereals, fortified with 10% of the DV for vitamin A, 1 serving, Tuna, light, canned in oil, drained solids, 3 ounces, Baked beans, canned, plain or vegetarian, 1 cup, Summer squash, all varieties, boiled, cup, Chicken, breast meat and skin, roasted, breast. Provitamin A carotenoids are plant pigments that the body converts into vitamin A in the intestine [1,3]. The trial was ended prematurely after a mean of 4 years, partly because the supplements were unexpectedly found to have increased lung cancer risk by 28% and death from lung cancer by 46%; the supplements also increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 17%. [, Oliveira JM, Allert R, East CE. Provitamin A is found in carrots, tomatoes . Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA. [, Wiseman EM, Bar-El Dadon S, Reifen R. The vicious cycle of vitamin a deficiency: A review. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. The study randomized participants to take supplements containing 30 mg beta-carotene plus 25,000 IU (7,500 mcg RAE) retinyl palmitate or a placebo daily for about 6 years to evaluate the potential effects on lung cancer risk . A lack of vitamin A may cause a rare condition called night blindness (problems seeing in the dark). For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods. Acute vitamin A toxicity, also referred to as hypervitaminosis A, occurs within days to weeks after someone ingests one or a few very high doses (typically more than 100 times the RDA) [79]. Early vitamin A supplementation improves the outcome of retinopathy of prematurity in extermely premature infants. This fact sheet does not include studies of all-trans retinoic acid, a vitamin A metabolite that is used as a drug in high doses to treat a form of leukemia [48,49]. Orlistat (Alli, Xenical), a weight-loss treatment, can decrease the absorption of vitamin A, other fat-soluble vitamins, and beta-carotene, resulting in low plasma levels in some patients [80,81]. For oral dosage forms (capsules or tablets): To treat or prevent a reaction to sun in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria: Adults and teenagers30 to 300 milligrams (mg) of beta-carotene (the equivalent of 50,000 to 500,000 Units of vitamin A activity) a day. Affecting the Balance Between Omega-3 and Omega-6? Chronic vitamin A deficiency has also been associated with abnormal lung development, respiratory diseases (such as pneumonia), and an increased risk of anemia and death [22,23,25]. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Carotenoid-containing fruits and vegetables have great cancer-protective value. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Blood 2008;111:2505-15. However, the other studies described above that used similar vitamin A doses but had smaller proportions of current or former smokers do not raise this concern. [, Berner LA, Keast DR, Bailey RL, Dwyer JT. These include: Increased need for vitamin A should be determined by your health care professional. [, Rowles JL, 3rd, Ranard KM, Smith JW, An R, Erdman JW, Jr. If you smoke or have a history of smoking or asbestos exposure, you should not take large amounts of beta-carotene supplements for long periods of time. Vitamin A supports cell growth and differentiation, playing a critical role in the normal formation and maintenance of the heart, lungs, eyes, and other organs [1,2]. Xerophthalmia also affects the cornea and can eventually lead to permanent blindness; vitamin A deficiency is one of the top causes of preventable blindness in children [24]. Ann Nutr Metab 2015;66 Suppl 2:22-33. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients. Retinoids. Buy Beta Carotene. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute; 2006:157-83. The conversion of beta-carotene also called 'provitamin A' to vitamin A is influenced by the vitamin A status of the individual and some other host factors ( 50 ). Bird JK, Murphy RA, Ciappio ED, McBurney MI. World Health Organization. One trial randomized 22,071 male physicians aged 4084 years to take 50 mg beta carotene on alternate days or a placebo for 12 years [71]. It is the animal form that is toxic, not plant-derived beta-carotene, which is the form I recommend in the Vitamin Advisor. . However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Retinol and carotenoid levels are typically measured in plasma or serum because blood samples are easy to collect [1]. The FNB has not established ULs for beta-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids [3]. If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. In such cases, the percentage of retinol or retinyl ester in the supplement should be used to determine whether an individuals vitamin A intake exceeds the UL. But first, please note that vitamin A comes in many forms. Lung cancer chemoprevention: a randomized, double-blind trial in Linxian, China. Health Benefits of Beta Carotene - WebMD *Adequate Intake (AI), equivalent to the mean intake of vitamin A in healthy, breastfed infants. Cancer A subsequent study followed CARET participants for an additional 6 years after they stopped taking the study supplements [64]. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014:260-77. www.drweil.com. [, Li H, He P, Lin T, Guo H, Li Y, Song Y, et al. AMDs etiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental factors (including exposure to oxidative stress), and normal aging [74]. The investigators followed participants for an additional 10 years after they stopped taking the supplements. Beta-Carotene - Health Information Library | PeaceHealth U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Carazo A, Macakova K, Matousova K, Krcmova LK, Protti M, Mladenka P. Vitamin A update: Forms, sources, kinetics, detection, function, deficiency, therapeutic use and toxicity. Nutrients 2013;5:3563-81. However, a preliminary study found no association . The beta-carotene supplements increased the risk of lung cancer by 18%, although they had little to no effect on the incidence of other cancers. June 15, 2022 Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional. The most common clinical sign of vitamin A deficiency is xerophthalmia, which develops after plasma retinol has been low and the eyes vitamin A reserves have become depleted. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Beta Carotene Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com Keep from freezing. If you have high blood levels of vitamin A, your body will convert less beta-carotene to vitamin A . Beta-Carotene Safety - @nutri-facts Among nonsmokers, beta-carotene and vitamin A supplements do not appear to affect the risk of cancer. Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2023. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020;22:906-13. During both the intervention and follow-up periods, lung cancer death rates did not differ among the five groups, even when the investigators further analyzed the results for differences by age, sex, and smoking status. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. Beta Carotene is a provitamin which helps maintain eye health and supports immune system. Several synthetic retinoids derived from vitamin A are used orally as prescription medicines. [, Darlow BA, Graham PJ. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Beta-carotene Information | Mount Sinai - New York Adults aged 71 years or older and children younger than 9 are more likely than members of other age groups to take supplements containing vitamin A. Frank vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States. Beta Carotene (Oral Route) Precautions - Mayo Clinic In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients (e.g., during specific life stages such as pregnancy).". [, Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between vitamin A intake, serum vitamin A, and risk of liver cancer. Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003-2006. Fat soluble vitamin levels in children with newly diagnosed celiac disease, a case control study. People with cystic fibrosis [, Lo-Coco F, Avvisati G, Vignetti M, Thiede C, Orlando SM, Iacobelli S, et al. However, a Cochrane review that included 6 RCTs of vitamin A supplementation (15,000 mcg RAE [50,000 IU] to 60,000 mcg RAE [200,000 IU], depending on age) found that the supplementation did not affect risk of death due to measles, although it did help prevent new cases of measles [78]. Food and Nutrition Board. One study of 29,000 male smokers found an 18% increase in lung cancer in the group receiving 20 mg of beta-carotene a day for 5 to 8 years. Your doctor might suggest that you take a multivitamin with vitamin A and beta-carotene while taking this medication. Your health care professional may treat these problems by prescribing either beta-carotene, which your body can change into vitamin A, or vitamin A for you. Acute promyelocytic leukemia: from highly fatal to highly curable. For more information about building a healthy dietary pattern, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agricultures MyPlate. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, cellular communication, growth and development, and male and female reproduction [1-3]. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine. This finding confirmed the benefit of replacing beta-carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin. The first sign is night blindness, or the inability to see in low light or darkness as a result of low rhodopsin levels in the retina [1,23,24]. However, these levels are not always reliable indicators of vitamin A status because they do not decline until vitamin A levels in the liver and other storage sites are almost depleted and because acute and chronic infections can decrease serum and plasma retinol concentrations [1]. The most common effect of long-term, excess beta-carotene is carotenodermia, a harmless condition in which the skin becomes yellow-orange [3]. Most conventional wisdom and research indicate that 20,000 I.U. [, Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. The dosage of beta-carotene in international units (IU) was converted to mg using the formula: 25,000 IU = 15 mg. . None of the supplements had any significant effect on total cancer incidence or cancer mortality, including from lung cancer. Details Or fastest delivery Thursday, May 11. Data from NHANES III, conducted in 19881994, showed that approximately 26% of the vitamin A in RAEs consumed by men and 34% of that consumed by women in the United States comes from provitamin A carotenoids [5]. Nutrients 2013;5:3975-92. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12:Cd009599. Yellowing of palms, hands, or soles of feet, and to a lesser extent the face (this may be a sign that your dose of beta-carotene as a nutritional supplement is too high). This level of consumption would not meet the requirements for dry or lactating . Beta carotene may help support healthy cell function, development and growth. Am J Clin Nutr 2018;108:1069-91. All rights reserved. [, Chen F, Hu J, Liu P, Li J, Wei Z, Liu P. Carotenoid intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. (My previous recommendation was 25,000 IU; please adjust your dosage accordingly. [, Kamangar F, Qiao YL, Yu B, Sun XD, Abnet CC, Fan JH, et al. [, The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people. Vitamin A and Carotenoids - Health Professional Fact Sheet This RDA is also equivalent to 18,000 IU beta-carotene from food or to 36,000 IU alpha-carotene or beta-cryptoxanthin from food. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017;51:878-89. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Most dietary provitamin A in the U.S. diet comes from leafy green vegetables, orange and yellow vegetables, tomato products, fruits, and some vegetable oils [1,5,10]. If you miss taking a vitamin for one or more days there is no cause for concern, since it takes some time for your body to become seriously low in vitamins. [, Psaltopoulou T, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Tsilimigras DI, Tzanninis IG, Gavriatopoulou M, Sergentanis TN. Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys. However, one study of 22,000 male physicians, some of them smokers or former smokers, found no increase in lung cancer. Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. The challenge to reach nutritional adequacy for vitamin A: beta-carotene bioavailability and conversion--evidence in humans. Provitamin A. Provitamin A like beta-carotene comes from plant sources and is converted into usable forms of vitamin A like retinol in your body. J Nutr 2020;150:1337. Lutein and zeaxanthin (which are not precursors of vitamin A), in particular, accumulate in the retina, the tissue in the eye that is damaged by AMD. Beta-carotene may be used to treat other conditions as determined by your doctor. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/beta-carotene-oral-route/side-effects/DRG-20066795, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities, Liver diseaseThese conditions may cause high blood levels of beta-carotene, which may increase the chance of side effects. ULs for preformed vitamin A However, the long term health consequences of vitamins consumption are unknown. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD000501. Among U.S. children and adolescents, enriched and fortified foods account for 3440% of vitamin A intakes from food [12]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:2202-6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell; 2020:73-91. Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur.
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